What condition can result from prolonged use of a tourniquet?

Prolonged use of a tourniquet can lead to hemoconcentration, which is an increase in the concentration of cells and solids in the blood due to the loss of plasma volume. When a tourniquet is applied, it restricts blood flow to a certain area, causing fluid to be drawn away from the capillaries and into the surrounding tissues. This results in a higher ratio of blood cells to plasma proteins and electrolytes in the blood that remains in the bloodstream. As a consequence, the volume of plasma decreases, leading to an increase in the concentration of red blood cells and other components, which can complicate laboratory tests and affect patient management.

The other conditions mentioned do not typically result from the use of a tourniquet in a medical setting in the same way that hemoconcentration does. Hypotension is generally associated with overall low blood pressure, which could arise from various factors including shock or dehydration but does not directly stem from the application of a tourniquet. Hyperventilation involves rapid breathing and is usually related to anxiety or metabolic disorders rather than tourniquet application. Edema refers to swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues, which is not a direct result of a tourniquet used appropriately.